Winds and Sails

“The pessimist complains about the wind; the optimist expects it to change; the realist adjusts the sails.”  -- William Arthur Ward

Given the weather right now (it’s about 10 degrees F in Lafayette), the “winds and sails” reference above may be more appropriate to ice sailing, but the overall quote is something that I strongly resonate with regarding Space Grant.  Over the past four years, we have gone from projections of tremendous long-term success to lamentations of unavoidable doom, based on funding levels, attitudes in Congress, or organizational dynamics in NASA Headquarters.  Perhaps one advantage I have is that INSGC has been, for my entire time as Director, in some sort of flux—there’s no gilded past to try to return to, and no sense of perpetual darkness. 

This attitude is especially visible to me now as we consider the completion of the 2012-13 program year, the 2013-14 scholarship and program awards competition, and our recent STEM Innovative Pilot proposals on undergraduate student retention and K-12 pre-service teacher training.  These all reflect our changing Space Grant environments, and my hope as your Director is to keep INSGC well positioned to address the challenges of NASA’s role in STEM Education, and the local context of Engaging STEM Education in Indiana.

There are two initiatives that I am especially pleased that INSGC has been involved and invited to participate, both directly related to our focus on Engaging STEM Education in Indiana.  Beginning last fall, a group of industry, education, and non-profits sat down to determine how Indiana can make more progress in STEM Education.  One result of this discussion is the creation of the Indiana STEM Action Coalition for Today (Indiana STEM ACT).  I do look forward to INSGC participation in the areas of STEM strategies and programs, and information and mentoring on STEM careers.  These are things we are expected to do as part of our NASA mission.  A related activity, which also links to Purdue’s role as a land grant institution, involves potential participation in STEM Collaboratory development—a “STEM Mall,” if you will, with afterschool programs,  tutorials, and “artisan labs” where students can work on robotics or other projects.  I can almost see a 21^st Century version of the Ag Extension Service and 4-H. 

As our affiliates are considering participation and project development for our awards cycle, I can point out several important elements for this year.  One piece of positive news is that, since our 2013-14 funds are already in place from NASA, summer 2013 project activities beginning after May 17 can be effectively set up and executed.  I have to remind all proposers that we are strongly directed and encouraged by NASA to demonstrate extensive and increasing levels of cost-effectiveness in addressing Space Grant priorities and INSGC SMART Objectives.  As you read through the guidelines (which have changed since last year), please highlight how your project links to the SMART Objectives, with a particular emphasis on how funds will be used, and what are the measurable outcomes that you will track, should your project be supported. 

We simply do not have the funds, or organizational climate, to allow us to continue to do the projects we did five years ago, the same way we did them.  Even if the program was successful then, NASA Headquarters has been explicit in saying that we must demonstrate innovation and increasing reach and touch.  For these reasons (as well as the fluctuating budget levels), we cannot continue our prior model of “Consortium Priorities”.  Does this mean that INSGC will no longer support robotics, or astronomy, or K-12 programs?  Of course not.  However, we must clearly demonstrate in a competitive context how those programs address current program needs, with modest dollars, to achieve important goals, in a very dynamic environment.  Sponsored Programs requires more specification of activity and budget and periods of work; NASA requires more demonstration of "costs per person served".  We ignore those realities at our peril.

I am thrilled that INSGC is well positioned to respond to some of these changes, with our collection of outreach affiliates and a range of academic institutions.  We are small and large, public and private, comprehensive and specific.  Some of our programs are local and community-oriented; others are of national and international prominence.  While others are crying out how horrible the current environment may be, or demanding a return to some idyll, INSGC continues to adjust and tack and progress.  

Launch Confirmation

Forty years ago this month, Apollo 17 began the last ("most recent") human mission to the moon with a nighttime launch from Cape Kennedy.

Apollo 17 launches from Kennedy Space Center, December 7, 1972, 12:33 AM.  Photo courtesy NASA.

Purdue alumnus Gene Cernan was on board, and helped further reinforce Purdue's place in aerospace history as the last man to walk on the moon.   It would be great fun to just talk about that, but let me focus a bit more on the launch part.  Why was the launch scheduled for just after midnight?  Was it the brilliant illumination opportunities?  Hitting a particular news cycle?  No.  It's orbital mechanics.  In order to get the mission to the moon with the fuel and communications and life support and other technologies available, engineers have to calculate very precisely when you *must go* for launch.  We call it the "launch window".  Miss the window, and you don't go.  Very simple.

We've had a few launch windows here at INSGC the past couple of weeks, the most recent regarding two major grant proposal activities.  Both proposals were in response to the NASA Space Grant Innovative STEM Pilot call--one for undergraduate student retention, and one for pre-service teacher training.  Both projects are two year, $500,000 awards, and NASA insisted on projects that involved a strong cohort of students that remained involved throughout the two-year project period.  The proposals were due on Friday, December 14 (after a "slip" from December 7).  Miss that window, and we lose the opportunity to compete for those funds.  (I apologize to all those friends whom I forgot to wish a Happy Hannukah--things got kind of busy that week.)

I want to express my appreciation for the enthusiastic and active participation of the the INSGC affiliates as we worked on both proposals (nicknamed "SKATE" for the pre-service teachers, and "SURE" for the undergraduate retention).  We have solicited, and continue to receive, input from an overwhelming majority of our academic and outreach affiliates--these are truly statewide, collaborative initiatives reflecting the strengths and unique capabilities of the Indiana Space Grant Consortium.  I remain excited and grateful for the supportive offerings and ongoing enthusiasm for the projects.  In some ways, INSGC is working from a sense of service to the consortium as a whole--very little of the funding stays at our Purdue Space Grant Central offices for administration, but instead will be going to support K-12 programs, junior and senior education students, and frosh and sophomore STEM majors. (This is not unlike the weight ratio of an Apollo Saturn V rocket.  Very little of the launch weight is actually the lunar module, command module, or astronauts--it's mostly fuel to attach lunar injection velocities.)

I'm thrilled to say that we met our launch windows--the two proposals were submitted at 5:00 on Friday afternoon.  (Not quite as dark skies, not quite as brilliant launch flames, but still a sense of excitement, relief, and triumph.)  I am glad for the commitment of both Angie Verissimo and Dr. Dawn Whitaker--assisting in bringing the pieces together when anyone else *would have been home in bed, sick* (actually, they had been home sick earlier that week, but roused themselves enough to complete the launch sequence on Thursday and Friday).    With a team like that, the thrill of a successful launch is even more sweet.  Let's hope for a great funding return next Spring.

At this point, it's time for a holiday break.  We at the Indiana Space Grant Consortium office thank you for your participation, support, and unfailing enthusiasm for our STEM Engagement mission.  We strive to be a vibrant Face of NASA in Indiana.  But, time now for some well-deserved rest and recovery.  So, we'll be closed for the end-of-year holidays, starting at 6:12 AM EST on Friday (The December Solstice, of course).  We'll be back on January 3.  Until then, a peaceful and quiet and enjoyable season to you all.

--Barrett Caldwell

Moving towards Crunch Time

This is the time of the semester where students and faculty alike are frequently seen walking around college campuses with expressions ranging from mild panic to steely-eyed determination (and maybe even some nervous tics).  Projects need to be assigned and completed; exams are to be written, and taken, and graded.  There is so much to be done, and not much time before Thanksgiving to do it… and of course, barely any time passes after Thanksgiving before it’s final exam time. 

With those thoughts in mind, and a few facial expressions of my own, I am extremely glad and pleased for the two teleconferences we’ve had this week with our Affiliate Directors and Advisory Board members.  (Incidentally, I am pleased to welcome Kelly Orr, and Angela Diaz, to the INSGC Advisory Board.  Kelly works at Catepillar; Angela is at Purdue’s Global Policy Research Institute.  Some of you may recognize Angela’s name from her time at NASA Headquarters, including a stint in the Office of Education.  She has an intimate knowledge of, and longstanding history with, Space Grant.)  Even with the increasing intensity of the semester, we had nearly all of our 18 Academic Affiliates deeply engaged in the Friday teleconference.  This is in addition to the Wednesday conference, focused on the 10 Outreach Affiliates.  (Though a couple of Outreach folks missed Wednesday due to conflicts, they did call in on Friday.)   In itself, this is fairly remarkable.  Over 80% of our affiliates were dialed in to participate in the work of the Consortium, and made sure that Angie, Dawn and I were busy with notepads from all the great comments brought to the discussion.  I am also highly encouraged by the collaborative and generative style of the discussions as we did something that, like laws and sausage, usually should not really be seen up close.  We were organizing strategies for our INSGC proposal submissions.

Near the end of October, NASA announced a Cooperative Agreement Notice (“CAN”) for Space Grant Consortia to propose projects in two areas:  Undergraduate STEM Education, and Effective K-12 STEM Teacher Education.   Each Consortium is allowed to submit at most two proposals, and the proposals must be kept strictly separate.  This is not why we had two teleconferences—we moved to that model several years ago, when we realized that too large a group, with too disparate a set of interests and challenges, was not a recipe for an effective meeting.  But it just so happens that the two project areas linked well to both segments of our Affiliate interests—INSGC mission emphases on Engage, and Educate, based on Inspiration, and working towards Employment (as STEM workforce, or STEM educators).  Both teleconference sessions worked well, bringing together people who had very valuable suggestions and insights based on their varied experience.  I never heard “my way or the highway” or “not invented here” statements; not only was there clear synergy between the comments, but also a recognition that the different affiliates have a diversity of capability and focus that is one of our strengths. 

It was especially helpful when it was suggested that we incorporate…  hold on.  I may be tired, but I’m not that foolish.  We’re not going to discuss the proposal details in the blog.  But I will brag on the quality of the Affiliate Directors and the strong involvement that is supporting these proposals.  Yes, it’s crunch time, with two large proposals due in mid-December.  (Wow.  Could it be true that I actually have three additional grant proposals due before the Space Grant CAN deadline? )  Well, maybe just a little bit of sleep might be a good thing…

Changing Perspectives

After a week, I thought I would be able to evaluate the net effect.  Define and bound the scope, my engineering mind would say.  I was wrong.

We live in a culture of celebrity, one that idolizes fame and enables people to be famous for... being famous.  But it's something else to talk about an historic figure--one that "will live in history after everyone in this room is long forgotten".  Of course I thought I understood what it meant to be here, where *he* went to school.  I have the pictures in my head, and on my computer drive--him speaking to the crowd, framed by the statue of him as a student.  A moment of silence at the football game, celebrated by the band where he was a member.  A collection of memorabilia in the atrium of the building others insisted be named after him.  

That was before I got the invitation to be part of the Purdue delegation to travel to Washington for Neil Armstrong's memorial service at the National Cathedral.  I had teaching that day, and other meetings, but slowly it dawned on me.  It's *him*.  So, on September 13, I got up, made sure the Purdue and INSGC lapel pins were in my jacket pocket, and went to the Purdue airport before dawn to get on a plane and fly to Dulles Airport. The experience was a surreal convocation.  Even the weather in Washington was pristine--brilliant blue skies, wonderful sun, moderate temperatures, as if to say that even the air currents and storm fronts recognize the man.  

I made sure I had my invitation in hand, and it was important that I did.  Hundreds of people there, hundreds more wanting to be inside.  We were welcomed into the front section--Acting President Sands, Vice President Diaz, Engineering Dean Jamieson, historian Norberg, student body president Rust, Trustee Spurgeon... I spoke a word of greeting to NASA representative Alan Ladwig, whom I remembered from prior National Space Grant meetings.  "Glad you could make it."  I couldn't understand why it was so important that we be there, although I was certainly awed and honored to be.

Memorials for a head of state would do well to match this event.  And of course, other NASA faces familiar to me from my childhood through my time as Space Grant Director.  There to honor a friend, an icon, and one who brought back a piece of another world to hang in the very windows of this Cathedral. 

 

The common sentiment was an emphasis on an uncommonly humble and honest and down-to-earth man--while being uncommonly noble, uncommonly able to bear an unimaginable burden of history and the dreams and pride of a species.  And what made him proud and grateful, all that time?

... being a Purdue-trained engineer.

Any emotion in my heart, or my eyes, froze as those words came from the dais.  The speaker mentioned Purdue.  In Indiana.  Where I'm faculty, and do Space Grant.  This is the real legacy that I'm witnessing here.  And suddenly, it all felt different.  What can I do to justify and continue Neil Armstrong's pride in this place?  It's not about grand self-elevation.  It's not really even about me.  There is this great web, on this little blue marble, that he could hide behind his thumb.  But in that moment, I could see a bit clearer what it might feel like to know one's purpose, and feel a bit more at peace with it, with a hope to manage whatever legacy and connection I might achieve with a fraction of the grace he did.

Shaking hands with Gene Cernan afterwards, I noticed that a major shift was beginning to take place in my own thoughts.  I tried to fight back a bit of speechless awe.  And then he smiled at me and said, "I like your P." 

This is part of my life, to have had these experiences, and these connections.  Yet another unexpected lesson, which is still affecting me today.  "What's it like to walk on the moon?  It's wonderful, but pilots are born to fly."  How can I, or anyone else, learn and experience and celebrate what one was born to do?  More than celebrity, more than history, more than adulation, that is a wondrous teaching and model...

To reach out, and touch the face of God.


 

Purdue MATE ROV entry: World Famous PotaTOS!

To students and faculty across many of our INSGC affiliates, it's "Welcome (Back)" week as classes are starting up.  Students return to campus carrying lots of items, new and old, that they have collected or enjoyed over the summer.  This past Friday, Seth Baklor of Purdue came by the INSGC Office with a fairly unusual item that he was carrying around, visibly proud and thrilled despite the weight.  Seth's burden was a happy one: the Purdue IEEE entry in the Marine Advanced Technology Education 2012 MATE Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) International Competition held June 21—23 in Orlando, FL.  The Purdue MATE ROV entry, nicknamed "PotaTOS", was one of our project awards in 2011-12; we were initially introduced to each other based on an INSGC awareness survey of students on the Purdue campus regarding our programs, scholarships, and other awards.   (INSGC provided a supplemental award to the team in 2010-11 to support their strong performance at NASA Johnson Space Center.) 

This year, the PotaTOS ROV could be seen as a clearly superior vehicle.  Seth could fairly easily, if somewhat awkwardly, carry the 35 pound vehicle himself.  Compare that to other teams whose vehicles rival me in weight (over 150 pounds).  The interdisciplinary team concept allowed the team to incorporate multiple innovations, efficiencies, and capabilities.  At the 2012 competition, Purdue was able to outperform in the water amid an international "pool" of competition (not unlike another Purdue product, David Boudia).  Overall, PotaTOS came in second in the Explorer (primarily University) Class, finishing behind only a team from Vladivostok, Russia.  (Seth reported that they only came in second because of a missed step in the mission execution.)  In addition, Seth also won one of the competition's two "MVP" awards—funny, but he forgot to mention that when he stopped by to visit. 

Seth's enthusiasm and excitement for a job well done, doing something he loves and enjoys with an explorer's passion, was definitely a reminder to me of why we at INSGC support student project teams.  The students can learn more in such a project about teamwork, meeting real-world challenges and requirements, and recognizing that performance trumps excuses and finger-pointing, EVERY TIME.  I'm exceptionally proud of the team, and pleased for something else that Seth said: their successes wouldn't have been possible without the support of INSGC.  That helps me demonstrate my enthusiasm and excitement for our job, and supporting others' passion with our own.  Thank you, Seth, for reminding me why we do this work.  (Why else would I be doing the fist pumping?)   I might also point out that the other MVP award winner was from Arizona State—Emily McBryan, team lead of a robotics effort supported by Arizona Space Grant.  Clearly, Space Grant is doing something to help invigorate and enable education and professional development of the next generation of STEM professionals and leaders.  While it's unlikely that Purdue and Arizona State will be meeting on the football field this season, here is a source of bragging rights for the coming year.  I can only hope that other Space Grant consortia get involved in the effort and fun.

PotaTOS in the water

Going Back with the Old Mac Team

Wednesday, June 20: It was the first summer day, and it began with blue corduroy jackets. 

I have come to enjoy my trips down to Jasper, IN for the Grissom Memorial Golf Outing and Scholarship Banquet – the drive down, and the interactions with the Purdue alumni, are all valuable reminders of the ways in which my role connects with the people of Indiana.  And because this is Indiana, I have begun to appreciate some of the habits and symbols that are so important here in ways that were foreign to me growing up.  One of the most visible and vibrant of these symbols, driving through the Purdue West Lafayette campus, was the iconic blue jacket of student FFA representatives here for the state conference.   For me, it was like swallows to Capistrano, or baseball fans to the ballpark. 

However, I was going to Jasper a day early—the golf outing wasn't due to start until Thursday at noon.  Today was special.  I was invited down by Kent Olinger and Craig Kneis a day early, to visit and share dinner with this year's special guests of the Grissom Classic.  Over 50 years ago, a group of young engineers from McDonnell Aircraft Corporation were given a unique assignment.  Take a ballistic missile design which was not yet reliable, instrument it with electronics and control systems that had not yet been designed, and modify it for human habitation in an environment that many believed was not survivable.  This was Project Mercury, and four of those young engineers (Norm Beckel, Dean Purdy, Jerry Roberts, and Bob Schepp) had agreed to come to Jasper and relate some of their stories and experiences.  For me, growing up in the era of moon shots and space races, this was an unbelievable opportunity to sit and talk to the men who had created the history that has defined my life and career.  (It's kind of like a musician being invited to an intimate little occasion where a few old veterans—say, Paul, Mick, Keith, and Ringo—got together and talked about their first meetings, and playing R&B in clubs in Liverpool and London from 1959 to 1961.) 

It was only with a great deal of effort and discipline that we finished dinner at the Schnitzelbank Restaurant and went back to the hotel; it was with even more effort and discipline that we ended the conversation and went to bed to get ready for golf and a discussion panel the next evening.  The next day was hot, the golf challenging (I am getting better, but I am a long way from good), and unfortunately, a flareup of an old injury kept Bob from the evening banquet (and required a bit of last minute replanning).  However, there were great surprises and sharing of experiences as well.  Lowell Grissom, ever the modest one, gave us an understanding of the culture of McDonnell in St. Louis, and the loudspeaker talks by "Old Mac" to "the Team".  This was followed by stories from the guys who "volunteered" to move down to Florida for a "brief" assignment.  (It is also an interesting story to talk to Mrs. Beckel, Mrs. Purdy, and Mrs. Roberts about what it was like to live and try to raise children in Titusville and Cocoa Beach in 1960, long before the buildup of tourist attractions and upscale housing.) 

It so happened that I had been given a digitized copy of the Mercury Program Familiarization Manual as a Christmas gift (yes, I am that kind of geek), so when the guys said that they weren't sure if they remembered, I promised that I could refresh their memories.  In the end, that was more than just a lighthearted joke:  the manual was dated December 1959, and these panelists had literally been the ones to "write the book" on the origins of American human spaceflight.   I admit to being a bit of – no, very much – a fan of the history of technology, so I asked everyone to sign copies of the cover of the Manual as mementoes of the event.  (One of these is now in a frame in the INSGC Central Office.) 

I really wish I had learned history this way.  What is also interesting is the email I received later encouraging us to continue such stories, and maybe even collecting them for publication.  An interesting idea, I must confess.

Oh, and yes, the Scholarships.  Once again, INSGC was pleased to be able to supplement the Grissom Scholarship awards with INSGC Scholarships.  It is impressive to listen to the four young women's accomplishments to date: community service, internships, academic awards, and a real passion for their subjects.  (I did get to speak with one whose eyes sparkled when she talked about soloing in a Cessna, and looking forward to getting her first set of aviation technology tools.)  I'm glad I didn't have to go through the difficulty of selecting these students from the many qualified applicants.  I just had the easy part of announcing the INSGC awards, and posing for pictures.

Let me just say that this was another time for me to simply be thrilled to be Indiana Space Grant Consortium Director.  Earlier in June, I had the opportunity to speak with the new NASA Program Manager for Space Grant, and spend some time discussing the range of activities and initiatives that INSGC does as "the face of NASA" for many in the State.  I enjoy talking about my pride in being part of the "NASA Team" – maybe I'm not yet at the level of historical contribution represented by the "Old Mac Team" members in the picture, but I do want to contribute how I can. 

I even got to spend Friday evening, after my return from Jasper, watching the Indianapolis Indians baseball team win their game—after all, it was summer, and a good time to watch the local team at the ballpark.   Thanks once more to everyone in Jasper who manage to help me feel welcomed and appreciated.  That means a lot to me, and is simply one of the best reminders and gifts associated with being part of INSGC. 

Right Place, Right Time

This entry was written as a guest blog for the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education, after my attendance at the SpaceX launch in May.  Over there, it's called "No bucks, no Buck Rogers"--a reference to the requirements for investment in spaceflight (and education).  Conveniently and coincidentally, that quote is attributed to Gus Grissom--whose legacy we continue to celebrate later in June in Jasper.  Watch this space.  --BC

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Even in retrospect, it sounds unlikely… but it worked out this way.  When I was first invited to the SpaceX Falcon / Dragon launch attempt on April 30, I was thrilled and excited.  This was the third launch I’ve been invited to as the Director of the Indiana Space Grant Consortium.  However, the Lake County, IN SSEP experiments have been responsible for two of them: the Avicenna Academy experiment on STS-135, and now a larger community collaboration for this first commercial launch to the ISS.  I quickly booked my tickets… and then watched the series of emails and news reports as SpaceX scrubbed that launch date.  How about May 7?  No, I couldn’t attend—my first job is as a Purdue Industrial Engineering professor, and grades were due the next day.  That date slips by, as well.  We’re now looking at early in the morning on May 19.  Well, almost, but still not quite: I had already booked a ticket for Orlando, for my attendance at the Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference.  That ticket was for Saturday morning, and expensive to change.  I admitted defeat and put the NASA TV on my smartphone waiting for the countdown.  3..2..1.. Liftoff?  Not this time.  Gwynne Shotwell’s press conference was a marvel of poise and calm, and I was impressed.  But there was a secret bit of guilty thrill.  The next opportunity would be on May 22, and I would be there anyway! 

Jeff was great to respond to me when I explained, first thing Monday morning, that I could attend the launch, after all—if he still wanted to add me.  I could understand that multiple launch attempts can either reduce or enhance the desire to have visitors, and so I gladly escaped the technical session to take his call.  I found a car, took a nap, and found myself leaving the hotel at midnight, as other conference goers are finishing their evening at the banquet.  I was surprised to see very little traffic anywhere along the highways.  Of course, for the Shuttle launches, leaving Orlando only 3-4 hours before the launch could be a recipe for watching the fiery tower from somewhere on State Road 528.  Better safe than sorry, though, and I was relieved to pull into the KSC Visitor Center parking lot an hour earlier than expected.  That’s where I first met the student from Houston’s SSEP, and a few of the resilient folks from Highland Christian School who had managed to hang on and have a semblance of alertness at 2:00AM. These were the real stars of the launch for me, and in fact, some of the people I spent the most time talking to during this historic event.  (There were, of course some other folks in the NASA / SpaceX invite group viewing area, including NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, Kennedy Space Center Director Robert Cabana, and commercial space habitation company founder Robert Bigelow.  Not bad company for me, who studied space systems engineering and design of damping mechanisms for space structures as an undergrad, and mission operations task coordination as a faculty member.)  Watching the launch from the balcony across from the Vehicle Assembly building on a clear, moonless night was a glorious sight—a bright Falcon stretching her wings and leaving the Earth. 

As I spoke to the student experimenters, and the parents, I was stunned.  Here are 12 and 13 year olds, learning about bioreactors and microgravity-based growth of livers, or the challenges of flight operations and project and team management.  When I was 12, I was no less excited about spaceflight, and was eagerly involved in watching and learning about the space station experiments going on at the time (that was Skylab, and the Apollo-Soyuz program).  What would it have been like if I had actually been able to design, build, and fly one of those experiments?  These kids are certainly in the right place, at the right time.  I had a secret lament that I couldn’t benefit from this experience in the ways that they were actively participating. 

I was, eventually, convinced that my participation was valuable too.  INSGC did underwrite the Lake County collaboration at a critical time in their project.  As a line from the Right Stuff points out (via Indiana astronaut, Gus Grissom), “No bucks, no Buck Rogers.”   Inspiration for these young scientists, engineers, inventors and project leaders is essential.  But so is investment.  Elon Musk has made a lot of money, and has decided to use much of it to create and support SpaceX.  Robert Bigelow has made a lot of money, and is committed to using much of it to create and support space habitation at Bigelow Aerospace.  No, most of us don’t have a few hundred million dollars lying around.  But each of us makes choices with the funds we do have.  You don’t just wake up one morning and drive to Cocoa Beach and happen to see a rocket launch.  Sometimes you get a little lucky… but most of is planning and investment and dedication and belief and commitment spanning months and years and even decades.  That commitment is essential, or else success remains a thing of wish and hope and dream.  I want to thank all of those at NCESSE and SSEP who allowed me to be at the right place at the right time.  I’m glad I could be in attendance as a Space Grant partner.  I am hoping, most of all, that others see what commitment and investment in our capabilities can do… and choose accordingly to help us and ours be where we need to be, and do what we need to do—now, not just someday.